Perform a Clean Install of OS X Lion on Your Mac

Apple made the installation process for OS X Lion (10.7) slightly different than it was for previous versions of the operating system. Even with the differences, you can still create a clean installation of Lion on an internal drive, a partition, or an external drive.

Mac users can also create a bootable USB flash drive with Lion installed on it, which can be handy to have in an emergency.

What You Need to Install Lion

Purchase Lion from the Apple Store online. You receive a content code for the Mac App Store, usually within one day. After you download the installer, copy it to any Mac that meets the minimum hardware requirements and install Lion. The Lion installer downloads to your Applications folder, and it is just under 4 GB in size. The system requirements are:

• Intel Core 2 Duo, i3, i5, Core i7 or Xeon processor
• Mac OS X Snow Leopard v10.6.6 or later (v10.6.8 is recommended)
• 7 GB of free hard drive space
• 2 GB of RAM

You can install Lion on any internal drive, including SSDs. Also, you can install Lion on any external drive that is connected to your Mac by USB 2.x, USB 3, FireWire 400/800, or Thunderbolt. An eSATA-based external drive probably won't work as a bootable installation destination because most add-on eSATA controllers don't support booting OS X.

The Lion Recovery partition takes 650 MB of free space. The Lion installer creates two partitions, one for Lion and one for recovery tools. You can use the Recovery Partition to repair drives, fix permissions, and format drives, as well as reinstall Lion if needed. The Recovery Partition includes a bootable system with Disk Utility.

Clean Install Preparation

To perform a clean install of Lion, you must have a disk or partition available that uses the GUID Partition Table and is formatted with the Mac OS X Extended (Journaled) file system. The target volume should be erased at best; at a minimum, it should not contain any OS X system.

With previous versions of OS X installers, you could erase the target drive as part of the installation process. With the Lion installer, there are two methods of performing a clean install. One method requires you to create a bootable Lion install DVD, and the second lets you perform a clean install using the Lion installer you downloaded from the Mac App Store.

The difference between the two methods is that to use the Lion installer directly, you must have a drive or partition that you can erase before running the installer. Using a bootable Lion install DVD allows you to erase a drive or partition as part of the installation process.

If you want to use your current startup drive as the target for a clean install, you need to use the bootable Lion install DVD method.

If you're going to perform a clean install of Lion on a drive other than your current startup drive, then you're ready to proceed.

Perform a Backup

Before you begin the Lion installation process, back up your existing OS X system and user data. Performing a clean install on a separate drive or partition shouldn't cause any data loss with your current system, but stranger things have happened, and it is best to be prepared.

At a minimum, make sure you have a current backup. For more protection, make a bootable clone of your current startup drive.

If you use Carbon Copy Cloner, you can download a version of the app that works with OS X Snow Leopard and Lion.

Format the Destination Drive

You must erase the target drive before you can start the Lion installation process. Remember that to use the Lion installer as downloaded from the Mac App Store, you must have a working copy of OS X to start the installer from. You may need to create a new partition to install to or resize existing partitions to create the necessary space.

You can use Disk Utility to add, format, or resize a drive's partitions.

Use the OS X Lion Installer

Before you start the Lion installer, close all other applications that are currently running on your Mac.

The Lion installer is located in the Applications folder, and the file is named Install Mac OS X Lion. The download process from the Mac App Store also created an Install Mac OS X Lion icon in your Dock.

1. Click the Lion installer Dock icon (or double-click the Install Mac OS X Lion application in the Applications folder) to start the Lion installation process.

2. Click Continue in the window that opens.

3. Scroll through the terms of use and click Agree.

4. The Lion installer assumes you want to install Lion on the current startup drive. To select a different target drive, click Show All Disks and select the target disk from the list—the disk you erased earlier.

5. With the target disk highlighted, click Install.

6. Enter your admin username and password to begin the installation process and click OK.

7. Wait while the Lion installer copies the necessary files to the target disk. When the copying is finished, you are prompted to restart your Mac. Click Restart.

After the Mac restarts, the installation process continues. A progress bar displays along with an estimate of the time it takes to complete the installation. Installation speed ranges from 10 to 30 minutes.

OS X Lion Setup Assistant

When the installation of OS X Lion is complete, your Mac displays a Welcome window, which marks the start of the registration and setup process for Lion.

The OS X Lion Setup Assistant walks you through the various steps you need to set up an admin account and register. It includes tutorials as well.

1. In the Welcome window, select the country or region where you use your Mac and click Continue.

2. Select the keyboard style that matches yours.

3. Click Continue.

Migration Assistant

Because this is a clean install of OS X Lion, you can use the Migration Assistant to transfer data from another Mac, PC, Time Machine, or another disk or partition on your Mac.

However, it is better not to use the Migration Assistant at this point, opting instead for a clean installation of Lion. After you know Lion is installed and working correctly, run the Migration Assistant from the Lion installation to move any user data you need to the Lion disk. You can find the Migration Assistant in the Utilities folder inside the Applications folder.

Select Don't transfer now and click Continue.

Optional Registration

Registration is optional. You can click through the next two screens if you want. If you fill in the registration information, some of the applications you use in Lion are prepopulated with appropriate data. Specifically, Mail and Address Book have your primary email account information partially set up, and Address Book has your personal entry already created.

Enter your Apple account information, and click Continue to open a window that requests information. You aren't required to enter it. When you're finished, or if you prefer not to register, click Continue.

Set up an Administrator Account

Lion requires at least one administrator account to be set up. You can use the administrator account to perform most Lion housekeeping tasks, to create additional users, and to install any applications that require administrator privileges.

1. When prompted for the administrator account name, enter your name.

2. Enter your shortname, which is a shortcut name used for the administrator account and the name of the account's home directory. Shortnames cannot be changed, so be sure you're happy with the name you enter. You'll be living with it for a long time.

3. Enter the password you want to use, along with any additional information requested, and then click Continue.

4. You can associate an image or picture with the account you're creating. If you have a webcam connected to your Mac, you can snap a picture of yourself to use. You can also choose one of many pictures already installed in Lion. Make your selection, and click Continue.

Learning to Scroll

The Lion Setup Assistant is just about done. The final step shows you how to use the new touch-based gesture system in Lion. Depending on the type of touch-based input device you have (Magic Mouse, Magic Trackpad, or integrated trackpad), you see a description of how to scroll. Follow the instructions to scroll down through the text area, and click the Start Using Mac OS X Lion button.

Just One More Thing

You can start exploring Lion, but before you head off, use the Software Update service to ensure that you have all the latest patches, device drivers, and other undercover goodies your Mac may need to perform at its best. From the Apple menu, select Software Update, and then follow the on-screen instructions.